--- title: "Training for Jobs That May Not Exist: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Medical Residency · AI Fault Line" url: https://aifaultline.com/research/p/doi-10-52965-001c-172700/ description: "AI Fault Line is a neutral, evidence-cited field guide to why experts looking at the same developments disagree about AI's effect on productivity, jobs, inequality, regulation and the pace of change." --- [Research](https://aifaultline.com/research/) # Training for Jobs That May Not Exist: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Medical Residency Madelyn J. Reilly, Jamal J. Hasoon, Alaa A Abd-Elsayed · Orthopedic Reviews · 26 Oct 2026 [Read original source](https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.172700) Open access Where this sits in the debate - [Will AI destroy more jobs than it creates?](https://aifaultline.com/debate/jobs/) · its finding goes against the claim ([why studies differ](https://aifaultline.com/debate/jobs/#why)) Direction of the finding as read from the abstract by an AI model ([AI-written](https://aifaultline.com/about/)). ## Key takeaway [AI-written](https://aifaultline.com/about/) A brief review of how AI is changing physicians' tasks, using radiology as an early case, and what that means for residency training and workforce planning. It finds current evidence supports task redistribution and augmentation more than replacement, and argues cuts to residency positions based on anticipated AI capabilities are premature. ## Abstract Purpose of Review Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the tasks performed by physicians, raising questions about how graduate medical education should prepare trainees for future practice and whether residency workforce planning should change as AI adoption expands. This brief review examines the implications of AI for residency education and physician workforce planning, using radiology as an early model of technology-driven task transformation while considering broader effects across diagnostic, procedural, and relationship-based specialties. Recent Findings AI is already being used for clinical documentation, image interpretation, predictive analytics, administrative workflows, and large-scale data analysis. AI-assisted scribing has particular relevance to chronic pain and other documentation-intensive specialties, where it may reduce clerical burden and preserve clinician attention for patient care. However, current evidence more strongly supports task redistribution and physician augmentation than complete replacement. Specialties built around standardized digital information may experience earlier automation, whereas procedural skill, complex communication, longitudinal judgment, and responsibility for final clinical decisions remain difficult to substitute. At present, broad reductions in residency positions based only on anticipated AI capabilities seem premature. Summary Residency programs should adapt curricula now by incorporating AI literacy, verification skills, data interpretation, and safeguards against deskilling. Changes in residency position numbers should occur more cautiously and should be based on durable, specialty-specific workforce evidence, including hiring patterns, patient access, workload, productivity, and regional need. The goal should be to train physicians who can safely supervise and integrate AI while preserving the human expertise that remains central to high-quality care. ## About this publication **Academic journal.** Published in an academic journal — typically peer-reviewed before publication, though indexing alone doesn't guarantee review depth. Published 2026 (recently) Citations 0 (OpenAlex) 0 citations recorded by OpenAlex — too few 2026 papers in this collection for a fair comparison. [Chart: published 2026] ## More on this topic Related by theme, not necessarily by method or conclusion. - [The Effects of Generative AI on High Skilled Work: Evidence from Three Field Experiments with Software Developers](https://aifaultline.com/research/p/doi-10-2139-ssrn-4945566/) SSRN · 2024 - [GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models](https://aifaultline.com/research/p/doi-10-48550-arxiv-2303-10130/) arXiv · 2023 - [Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence](https://aifaultline.com/research/p/doi-10-1126-science-adh2586/) Science · 2023 - [The simple macroeconomics of AI](https://aifaultline.com/research/p/doi-10-1093-epolic-eiae042/) Economic Policy · 2024 Overview assembled automatically from collected metadata. [How this site is built](https://aifaultline.com/about/).