AI and Women's Employment in Europe

Stefania Albanesi Y, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo, Alena Wabitsch · AEA Papers and Proceedings · 1 May 2025

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Abstract

We examine the link between the diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies and changes in the female employment share in 16 European countries over the period 2011-2019. Using data for occupations at the three-digit level, we find that on average female employment shares increased in occupations more exposed to AI. Countries with high initial female labor force participation and higher initial female relative education show a stronger positive association. While there exists heterogeneity across countries, almost all show a positive relation between changes in female employment shares within occupations and exposure to AI-enabled automation.

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Ranked journal. A peer-reviewed journal in the RePEc ranking of economics journals, below the leading ones.

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Published: 2025 (18 months ago)
Citations: 4 (OpenAlex)

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4 citations — 42nd percentile among the 33 indexed papers from 2025 in this collection. Citation counts favor older papers; this compares only same-year papers here, not the whole literature.

□ added to this collection in 2026.

author affiliation matches seed institution university of oxford — part of why this paper is in the collection.

AI and Women's Employment in Europe

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